Effect of a direct-fed microbial (Eubios 1090) in the presence of antibiotics (Carbadox or CTC-Denagard) on post-weaning pig growth performance and immune response

A study was conducted to determine the effects of a probiotic (Eubios 1090), in the presence of two different antibiotics, on performance in nursery pigs. A total of 216 pigs were weaned at an average of 21 d, blocked by initial body weight (BW = 6.79 kg), and distributed into 32 pens of 6 to 7 pigs per pen in an offsite nursery facility. Pens were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments (8 pens per treatment) that were fed throughout post-weaning phase 1 (day (D) 0 to 10), phase 2 (D 10 to 20), and phase 3 (D 20 to 34). Dietary treatments were: 1) Carbadox without Eubios 1090; 2) Chlortetracycline + Tiamulin (CTC-Denagard) without Eubios 1090; 3) Carbadox + Eubios 1090; and 4) CTC-Denagard + Eubios 1090. There was no interaction observed between the two antibiotics and addition of the probiotic. There was a tendency for greater gain to feed ratio (G:F) in phase 2 when nursery pigs received Carbadox compared to CTC-Denagard (P = 0.08), and a tendency for greater average daily feed intake (ADFI) in the overall nursery period when pigs were fed CTCDenagard compared to Carbadox (P = 0.10). Pigs that received the non-Eubios 1090 diets had greater average daily gain (ADG), G:F, and body weight (BW) during phase 2 compared to pigs that received diets containing Eubios 1090 (P = 0.05). In phase 3, pigs receiving the Eubios 1090 diet had increased ADG and G:F (P = 0.05). Between the Carbadox diet and the CTC-Denagard diet, the diet containing CTC-Denagard increased ADFI throughout the 3 phases. In summary, probiotic supplementation demonstrated negative effects in phase 2 and positive effects to growth performance in nursery pigs during the latter part of early post-weaning (phase 3)

Plenoaste Crystals from an Olivian Basalt, Caballo Mountains, New Mexico

The thesis area lies along the eastern base of North Ridge which forms the northern part of the Caballo Mountains. This ridge rises abruptly, about 1,500 feet, above the considerably dissected lowland on which the area is located. The lowland lies near the head of Mescal Canyon and is dissected into the ridges and valley with a relief as much as 300 feet. The drainage is east and north into Mescal Canyon (Pl.2) which joins the Rio Grande just below Elephant Butte Dam

Liquid Crystal Polarimetry for Metastability Exchange Optical Pumping of 3He

We detail the design and operation of a compact, discharge light polarimeter for metastability exchange optical pumping of 3He gas near 1 torr under a low magnetic field. The nuclear polarization of 3He can be discerned from its electron polarization, measured via the circular polarization of 668 nm discharge light from an RF excitation. This apparatus measures the circular polarization of this very dim discharge light using a nematic liquid crystal wave retarder (LCR) and a high-gain, transimpedance amplified Si photodiode. We outline corrections required in such a measurement, and discuss contributions to its systematic error

A Study of the Surface Structure of Polymorphic Graphene and Other Two-Dimensional Materials for use in Novel Electronics and Organic Photovoltaics

For some time there has been interest in the fundamental physical properties of low- dimensional material systems. The discovery of graphene as a stable two-dimensional form of solid carbon lead to an exponential increase in research in two-dimensional and other re- duced dimensional systems. It is now known that there is a wide range of materials which are stable in two-dimensional form. These materials span a large configuration space of struc- tural, mechanical, and electronic properties, which results in the potential to create novel electronic devices from nano-scale heterostructures with exactly tailored device properties. Understanding the material properties at the nanoscale level requires specialized tools to probe materials with atomic precision. Here I present the growth and analysis of a novel graphene-ruthenium system which exhibits unique polymorphism in its surface structure, hereby referred to as polymorphic graphene. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (STM) investigations of the polymorphic graphene surface reveal a periodically rippled structure with a vast array of domains, each exhibiting xvia unique moire period. The majority of moire domains found in this polymorphic graphene system are previously unreported in past studies of the structure of graphene on ruthenium. To better understand many of the structural properties of this system, characterization methods beyond those available at the UNH surface science lab are employed. Further investigation using Low Energy Electron Microscopy (LEEM) has been carried out at Sandia National Laboratory’s Center for Integrated Nanotechnology and the Brookhaven National Laboratory Center for Functional Nanomaterials. To aid in analysis of the LEEM data, I have developed an open source software package to automate extraction of electron reflectivity curves from real space and reciprocal space data sets. This software has been used in the study of numerous other two-dimensional materials beyond graphene. When combined with computational modeling, the analysis of electron I(V) curves presents a method to quantify structural parameters in a material with angstrom level precision. While many materials studied in this thesis offer unique electronic properties, my work focuses primarily on their structural aspects, as well as the instrumentation required to characterize the structure with ultra high resolution

Syracuse Random Variables and the Periodic Points of Collatz-type maps

Let $p$ be an odd prime, and consider the map $H_{p}$ which sends an integer $x$ to either $\frac{x}{2}$ or $\frac{px+1}{2}$ depending on whether $x$ is even or odd. The values at $x=0$ of arbitrary composition sequences of the maps $\frac{x}{2}$ and $\frac{px+1}{2}$ can be parameterized over the $2$-adic integers ($\mathbb{Z}_{2}$) leading to a continuous function from $\mathbb{Z}_2$ to $\mathbb{Z}_p$ which the author calls the numen of $H_{p}$, denoted $\chi_p$; the $p=3$ case turns out to be an alternative version of the Syracuse Random Variables constructed by Tao [arXiv:1909.03562]. This paper establishes the Correspondence Theorem, which shows that an odd integer $\omega$ is a periodic point of $H_p$ if and only if $\omega=\chi_{p}\left(n\right)/\left(1-r_{p}\left(n\right)\right)$ for some integer $n\geq1$, where $r_{p}\left(n\right) = p^{\#_{1}\left(n\right)} / 2^{\lambda\left(n\right)}$, where $\#_1 \left(n\right)$ is the number of $1$s digits in the binary expansion of $n$ and $\lambda\left(n\right)$ is the number of digits in the binary expansion of $n$. Using this fact, the bulk of the paper is devoted to examining the Dirichlet series associated to $\chi_p$ and $r_p$, which are used along with Perron's Formula to reformulate the Correspondence Theorem in terms of contour integrals, to which Residue calculus is applied so as to obtain asymptotic formulae for the quantities therein. A sampling of other minor results on $\chi_p$ are also discussed in the paper's final section.Comment: 92 pages, 5 figures. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2002.1276

Sir William Osler, M.D., C.M.

Sir William Osler impacted medical education and the practice of medicine like few other physicians. As a writer, he authored nearly 1500 publications and lent his name to numerous eponyms. As a teacher he educated vast numbers of students and through his legacy impacted countless more. Sir William Osler (Fig. 1) epitomized what a physician should be throughout his professional life

Environmental and Public Health Issues of Animal Food Products Delivery System in Imo State, Nigeria

Information on livestock movement, animal food products processing facilities, meat inspection methods, official meat inspection records and distribution and marketing systems for processed products in Imo state, Nigeria needed for policy development interventions in the sector are not fully understood. The primary data generated with the aid of personal interviews, field observations and secondary data obtained from records accumulated by the department of veterinary services Imo state from 2001 to 2004 were used to investigate the environmental and public health issues of animal food products delivery system in state. Majority of trade animals supplied to the state originated from the northern states of the country and were brought in with trucks by road. Only two veterinary control posts served the whole state thus resulting in non-inspection and taxing of a large proportion of trade animals. Official record of trade animals supplied to the state from 2001 to 2004 ranged from 45000 – 144000 for cattle, 23000 – 96000 for goats and 11000 – 72000 for sheep per annum, with supplies increasing steadily across the years. Official slaughter points in the state were principally low-grade quality slaughter premises consisting of a thin concrete slab. Meat handling was very unhygienic with carcasses dressed beside refuse heaps of over 2 years standing. Carcasses were dragged on the ground and transported in taxi boots and open trucks. Meat inspection at these points was not thorough because of stiff resistance of butchers to carcass condemnation. Official meat inspection records for the state from 2001 to 2004 revealed that overall totals of 159,000 cattle, 101,000 goats and 67,000 sheep were slaughtered. This accounted for about 56, 57 and 57% shortfall of cattle, goat and sheep respectively supplied to the state and represents the volume of un-inspected animals during the study period. Fascioliasis and tuberculosis were the most common infections encountered in cattle and recorded percentage occurrences of 16.7 and 7.5 respectively, whereas mastitis was common in goats and sheep at percentage occurrences of 5.8 and 5.0 respectively. Overall prevalence rates of 4.4, 8.0, 3.2, 3.3 and 1.5% were recorded for tuberculosis, fascioliasis, streptotricosis, mastitis and worms respectively. Animal food products delivery in Imo state needs to be improved upon in order to safeguarded the health of consumer

Effect of pig weaning age and commingling after the nursery phase on humoral and behavioral indicators of well-being and on growth performance

Two hundred and sixteen pigs were weaned at 14 or 21 d of age to determine the effect of weaning age and commingling after the nursery phase on growth and behavior of pigs in a wean-tofinish facility. Pigs were divided into older and younger age groups and allotted 12 pigs/pen with nine replications of each group. At the end of the nursery phase (d 34 after weaning), one-half of the pigs in each group were removed and commingled for the grower/finisher phase and the other half remained in their original pens. Beginning at weaning (d 0), pigs were monitored via camera surveillance following weaning, commingling, and on d 65 after weaning. While in the nursery phase, older pigs had greater gain and feed intake than younger pigs, however, younger pigs were more efficient throughout the nursery phase than older pigs. Toward the end of the grower/finisher period, younger pigs had greater gain, feed intake, and gain:feed than older pigs and reached a common weight 4 d sooner. Younger pigs spent more time standing or moving during the nursery phase than older pigs. Immediately following commingling, the younger, unmixed pigs spent more time feeding. However on d 65 after weaning, the older, commingled pigs and younger, unmixed pigs spent more time feeding than older, unmixed pigs and younger, commingled pigs. In conclusion, younger pigs grew slower than older pigs during the nursery phase; however, younger pigs gained more during the finishing period. Additionally, weaning age and commingling influenced feeding behavior during the grower/finisher period